1991 Intelligent Decision Aids
Published Papers and Technical Reports

Librarian: Cathy Wiley
phone: (202) 767-0018
email:library@aic.nrl.navy.mil.

INTELLIGENT DECISION AIDS

Laura C. Davis and Jay Liebowitz,
"CESA: A Case Study in the Application of Expert Systems Technology to Defense Research Contracting," Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, v3, 198-207, IEEE Computer Society Press, January 1991, (NCARAI Report: AIC-91-024). Not available on-line at this time. Please see order form.

Abstract
Because many Department of Defense research contracts require a level of technical guidance and oversight outside the knowledge of the Contracting Officer, it is necessary for research scientists or engineers, as Contracting Officer's Technical Representatives (COTRs), to provide this expertise in the administration of the contract. This paper presents a case study in the application of expert systems technology to Defense research contracting. It describes the life-cycle development of CESA, a COTR Expert System Aid built by the Navy Center for Applied Research in Artificial Intelligence (NCARAI) at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) to provide assistance to the COTR community in the pre-award phase of research contract administration. In particular, it discusses the selection of a specific contracting problem domain, describes the prototype development processes, discusses system testing and evaluation, and describes prototype maintenance during a projected period of extensive field testing. The paper also identifies factors contributing to the success of CESA, and concludes with a discussion of research issues relating to further CESA development.


Henry Hamburger and Tucker Maney,
"Twofold Continuity in Immersive Language Learning," CALL, 4(2), 81-92, Intellect Publishing Co., April 1991, (NCARAI Report: AIC-91-025). Not available on-line at this time. Please see order form.

Abstract
An immersive language learning environment undertakes to engage the student in a two-medium communication process: a conversation supplemented by graphical interaction in an ordinary scene on the computer screen. The fundamental rationale for such a system is that it promotes language learning by enabling the student to use the new language, not analyze or translate it. In this paper, we examine two constellations of issues that arise in trying to provide computer-based language immersion, issues concerning discourse and issues of tutorial strategy, and consider how to deal with their apparently conflicting demands.


Henry Hamburger and Tucker Maney,
"VIS/ACT: An Intelligent, Video-Oriented Instructional System for Aircrew Coordination Training," Conference on Intelligent Computer-Aided Training (ICAT-91), November 20-22, 1991, (NCARAI Report: AIC-91-026). Not available on-line at this time. Please see order form.

Abstract
An intelligent, video-oriented instructional system for aircrew coordination training (ACT), is being devised and implemented as a generalization of exercises for ACT instructors, developed by our colleagues at the Naval Training Systems Center. Work on this VIS/ACT system currently has two foci. One is an interface for knowledge capture from an expert and a simplified version of it for accepting instructor trainee (IT) responses to videos of flight simulation episodes. These latter responses take roughly the same form as the ones the IT would be expected to make in actual practice as a real instructor. The second thrust is the diagnostic component of the delivered system. It uses rules and computations, expressing both episodic and general knowledge acquired from the expert, to evaluate various aspects of the IT's performance. The resulting critique will then permit the pedagogical component to guide the IT in further study of the video episode. Some possible choices of what to do are to report the most serious performance flaws, give explanations for the expert's choices, and present or review relevant portions of the current and other episodes. To broaden the potential applicability of the system, we have attempted from the outset to generalize the problem.


Naveen Hota, Connie L. Ramsey, Liwu Chang, and Lashon Booker,
"BaRT Manual Version 3.0," NRL Memorandum Report 6778, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC, February 14, 1991, (NCARAI Report: AIC-91-027).
Not available on-line at this time. Please see order form.

Abstract
BaRT is an inference engine which has been developed to aid in classification problem solving. This inference engine uses Bayesian reasoning and can handle problems associated with incomplete and uncertain evidence. It has successfully been used to perform ship classification. This manual describes how to load the BaRT program and how to use all of the available commands. This manual also provides some theoretical background and some implementation details concerning BaRT.


Randall P. Shumaker,
"Expert Systems Technology Development and Distribution Experience at the Naval Research Laboratory," Proceedings of the 1991 World Congress on Expert Systems, v1, 93-100, Orlando, FL, Pergamon Press, December 16-19, 1991, (NCARAI Report: AIC-91-028).
Not available on-line at this time. Please see order form.

Abstract
The Navy Center for Applied Research in Artificial Intelligence (NCARAI) at the Naval Research Laboratory conducts applied research in artificial intelligence (AI) aimed at demonstrating the applicability and effectiveness of AI methods to practical problems. Several systems developed at NCARAI have gone through the research phase, reached maturity, and are available for distribution to universities, industry and government laboratories. A surprisingly large fraction of these efforts was required to address means to transition artificial intelligence technology into service. The experiences gained during domain selection, system development, packaging, testing and distribution may serve to provide insights for others contemplating similar packages.

1991 Publications by Section
Intelligent M4 Systems
Machine Learning
Neural Networks
Sensor-Based Systems
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Cathy Wiley, wiley@aic.nrl.navy.mil